SPECIFICATION FOR FLUXES FOR BRAZING AND BRAZE WELDING

This specification prescribes the requirements for classification of eighteen fluxes for brazing and braze welding. They are classified according to the filler metal, form, and activity temperature range.

B2.2/B2.2M:2016 SPECIFICATION FOR BRAZING PROCEDURE AND PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION

This specification provides the requirements for qualification of brazing procedure specifications, brazers, and brazing operators for manual, mechanized, and automatic brazing. 

B2.3/B2.3M:2018 SPECIFICATION FOR SOLDERING PROCEDURE AND PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION

This specification provides the requirements for qualification of soldering procedure specifications, solderers, and soldering operators for manual, mechanized, and automatic soldering. 

BRH:2007 BRAZING HANDBOOK, 5th EDITION

Updated and expanded. Provides a comprehensive, organized survey of the basics of brazing, processes, and applications. Addresses the fundamentals of brazing, brazement design, brazing filler metals and fluxes, safety and health, and many other topics. 

C3.2M/C3.2:2019-STANDARD METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE STRENGTH OF BRAZED JOINTS

This standard describes the test methods used to obtain brazed strength data of the short-time testing of single-lap joints in shear, butt-tension, stress-rupture, creep-strength, four-point-bending, and ceramic-tensile-button specimens.

C3.3:2008 (R2016) RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, AND EXAMINATION OF CRITICAL BRAZED COMPONENTS

This standard lists the necessary steps to assure the suitability of brazed components for critical applications. Although such applications vary widely, they have certain common considerations with respect to materials, design, manufacture, and inspection.

C3.4M/C3.4:2016 SPECIFICATION FOR TORCH BRAZING

This specification presents the minimum fabrication, equipment, and process procedure requirements, as well as inspection requirements for the torch brazing of steels, stainless steels, copper, copper alloys, and heat- or corrosion-resistant alloys and other materials that can be adequately torch brazed.

C3.5M/C3.5:2016 AMD-1 SPECIFICATION FOR INDUCTION BRAZING

This specification provides the minimum fabrication, equipment, and process procedure requirements, as well as inspection requirements for the induction brazing of steels, copper, copper alloys, and heat- and corrosion-resistant alloys and other materials that can be adequately induction brazed.

C3.6M/C3.6:2016-AMD2-SPECIFICATION FOR FURNACE BRAZING

This specification provides the minimum fabrication, equipment, material, process and procedure requirements, as well as inspection requirements for the furnace brazing of steels, copper, copper alloys, and heat- and corrosion-resistant alloys and other materials that can be adequately furnace brazed.

C3.7M/C3.7-2011 SPECIFICATION FOR ALUMINUM BRAZING (HISTORICAL)

Addresses the minimum fabrication, equipment, material, process procedure requirements, and inspection requirements for aluminum brazing using the atmosphere furnace, vacuum furnace, and flux processes. ANSI Approved.

C3.8M/C3.8:2020 SPECIFICATION FOR THE ULTRASONIC PULSE-ECHO EXAMINATION OF BRAZED JOINTS

This specification provides the minimum requirements for the ultrasonic pulse-echo examination of brazed joints. 

C3.9M/C3.9:2020 SPECIFICATION FOR RESISTANCE BRAZING

This specification provides the minimum fabrication, equipment, material, and process procedure requirements, as well as discontinuity limits for the resistance brazing of steels, copper, copper alloys, heat- and corrosion-resistant alloys, and other materials that can be adequately resistance brazed. 

C3.11M/C3.11:2011 SPECIFICATION FOR TORCH SOLDERING

C3.12M/C3.12:2017 SPECIFICATION FOR FURNACE SOLDERING

This specification provides the minimum requirements for equipment, materials, processing procedures as well as inspection for metal and ceramic base materials that can be furnace soldered.

C3.12M/C3.12:2017 SPECIFICATION FOR FURNACE SOLDERING

This specification provides the minimum requirements for equipment, materials, processing procedures as well as inspection for metal and ceramic base materials that can be furnace soldered.

GHSP Guideline for Hand Soldering Practices

This guideline will serve as a primer for students, instructors, process engineers, and technical managers involved with manufacturing processes that require hand soldering practices. 

SHB:1999 SOLDERING HANDBOOK, SOFTBOUND, 3RD ED

Contains information related to soldering processes, and solder joint performance and reliability. Covers soldering fundamentals, technology, materials, substrate materials, fluxes, pastes, assembly processes, inspection, and environment. 

• Brazing Titanium in AirThis study shows titanium can be brazed in air if the appropriate fluxes and alloys are used By Yehuda Baskin, William Avery, and Rebecca Zronek
• The Path to Braze Quality A comprehensive evaluation of the brazing process is necessary to improve production results By Robert Henson
• Technology News Prepared by Alexander Shapiro

• Brazing 101: Induction Heating The basics of this heating method, often used as a step in the brazing process, are explained By W.A. Morrison
• Filler Metal Control in Sinter BrazingThe ability to join two components while sintering has enabled the industry to broaden its capabilities By K.H. Bear et al
• Brazing with Photochemical-Etched Amorphous Filler Metal Preforms Amorphous brazing foils in a range of the thickness are ideal candidates for utilizing the photochemical etching process to manufacture preforms By W. Coughlan and E. Theisen
• Resistance Microwelding Best Practices in Braze Setup Resistance microwelding can be a useful and powerful tool in brazing setup operations By J. Kapur

• Techniques for Soldering to Aluminum Oxide removal, filler metal selection, and other elements for soldering to aluminum are considered By W.F. Avery and Y. Baskin
• Testing Options for Silver-Free Brazing Alloys Silver-free filler metals can decrease production costs By A. E. Shapiro

• Applying Brazing Fundamentals to the Sinter Brazing Process A better understanding of this emerging process can lead to greater success when producing complex parts By K.H. Bear et al
• What does ‘Certified’ Brazer Really Mean? The authors explain how brazers can be qualified to an industry standard By R. Henson and W.J. Sperko

• Understanding the Run-Out Behavior of a Ag-Cu-Zr Braze Alloy Modifying filler metal composition or using a barrier coating on Kover™ show promise in mitigating run-out By P.T. Vianco et al
• Techniques for Successful Aluminum Vacuum-Brazed Assemblies No need for that, high joint strength, lack of salt contamination, and capability for joining large surfaces and complex geometries are some of the advantages vacuum brazing has to offer. By R. Caracciolo et al

• Reliability Analysis of Pin-in-Hole Solder Joints Through-hole solder joints on a printed wiring assembly were evaluated for reliability By P.T. Vianco and M.K. Neilson
• Silver-Free Filler Metals Meet Strength Requirements in Brazed Joints Silver-free filler metals were analyzed on spreading area, joint strength, and miscrostructure By J.T. Marchal et al
• Aim for Small, Concave Braze Fillets This discussion explains what a braze fillet should look like and what to look for in inspecting it By D. Kay

• Evaluation of New Silver-Free Brazing Filler Metals The properties of brazements om low-carbon steel, stainless steel, and Ni-plated steel are characterized By M.J. Duffey et al.
• Brazing Process Promises Rapid Processing of Laminated Thin-Metals Panels A new generation of sandwiched metal sheets for lightweight applications is in the making By J. Gould and D. Cox